In recent years, lithium-ion battery fires have emerged as a significant public safety threat, particularly in waste management. According to the Environmental Services Association, lithium-ion batteries are responsible for approximately 48% of all waste fires in the United Kingdom annually. This startling statistic highlights a growing crisis, as lithium-ion batteries become more common in household devices, portable electronics, and electric vehicles. With millions of tons of waste processed daily, these fires are both immediate and widespread, affecting public health, environmental safety, and the financial stability of municipal operations.
Every year, waste fires caused by lithium-ion batteries cost the UK approximately £158 million in damage. This includes damage to property, vehicles, waste management infrastructure, and the cost of emergency response services. This is a substantial financial burden for local councils that diverts funds away from essential services and infrastructure development. Each fire incident further endangers the lives of waste management workers and the general public, who may unknowingly handle or dispose of batteries in a manner that increases the risk of fire.
In recent incidents, battery-powered electric refuse collection vehicles (RCVs, also known as a bin lorry) have caught fire due to lithium-ion battery malfunctions, raising even more concerns about their reliability and safety. Westminster Council, for example, faces replacement costs of £580,000 per truck. Following such fires, a figure that highlights the need for enhanced safety measures and regulatory changes to prevent further losses.
Lithium-ion batteries, while energy-efficient, pose unique risks, especially in the rough and demanding environment of waste collection and processing. RCV’s and other waste management vehicles that operate on lithium-ion batteries are at particular risk of fire due to the harsh conditions they endure. The constant vibration, impact, and environmental exposure experienced by these vehicles can weaken battery integrity over time, increasing the likelihood of thermal runaway—an uncontrollable reaction that generates intense heat and can ignite surrounding materials.
In several documented cases, battery-powered bin lorries in London and other parts of the UK have ignited, endangering waste management staff and passers-by. These incidents often occur without warning, making it difficult for operators to respond quickly and prevent further escalation. The high temperatures generated by lithium-ion battery fires also complicate firefighting efforts, as traditional fire suppression methods may be insufficient or even counterproductive.
For example, Using just water to attack a Lithium-ion battery fire can be effective as the water can cool and suppress the flames, however, it requires very large volumes of water and it does not prevent reignition. An effective Fire Extinguishing agent must have the capability to cool the cells, suppress the fire, prevent propagation to surrounding cells and crucially prevent reignition.
Aside from immediate safety risks and financial costs, lithium-ion battery fires also contribute to severe environmental pollution. When these batteries catch fire, they release a range of harmful chemicals, including toxic gases and heavy metals, into the atmosphere. These emissions can have long-term health implications for nearby residents, contributing to respiratory issues and other health problems. Furthermore, the release of pollutants into the air and water systems disrupts local ecosystems, affecting wildlife and the overall quality of life in surrounding areas.
The environmental hazards posed by these fires extend beyond local communities. As more waste management facilities and vehicles incorporate lithium-ion batteries, the potential for widespread environmental contamination increases. This has led to a growing call for regulatory action to mitigate the risk of battery-related fires and minimize their impact on the environment.
A multi-faceted approach is needed to address the increasing prevalence of battery-related fires. The government, waste management authorities, and battery manufacturers must work together to establish stricter regulations for battery disposal and handling. Current guidelines on battery disposal are often inadequate, leading to improper handling by the public and waste management staff. Improved education on safe disposal practices, along with clearer labelling of battery-containing products, can help reduce the incidence of battery fires in waste processing facilities.
Moreover, establishing dedicated collection points for lithium-ion batteries can prevent them from ending up in general waste, where they are more likely to ignite. Incentivizing the public to dispose of batteries responsibly—such as through buyback programs or deposit schemes—could further reduce the number of hazardous batteries in the waste stream.
Additionally, waste management vehicles and facilities should be equipped with state-of-the-art fire detection and suppression systems. Early detection technology, such as thermal imaging and gas sensors, can identify potential fire risks before they escalate, allowing for timely intervention. Automated fire suppression systems specifically designed for lithium-ion fires can also help contain incidents more effectively, protecting both personnel and property.
Despite the potential for technological solutions, implementing these measures in electric bin lorries and waste management facilities is not without challenges. Retrofitting existing vehicles with fire suppression systems can be costly, and the adoption of safer battery technologies may require significant investment from both the public and private sectors. For many local councils, budget constraints limit the feasibility of such upgrades, creating a need for government support and funding initiatives to prioritize public safety.
Public education is essential to reducing battery-related fire incidents. Many consumers are unaware of the dangers associated with lithium-ion batteries and may dispose of them improperly, not realizing the risks involved. By increasing awareness through public campaigns and educational programs, waste management authorities can encourage responsible disposal practices. Partnering with retailers and manufacturers to provide clear guidance on battery disposal can further empower consumers to make safer choices.
In particular, efforts should focus on informing the public about the hazards of throwing batteries in household waste. Many consumers may not realize that even a seemingly depleted battery can become a fire hazard if subjected to crushing, puncturing, or other forms of stress. By creating a culture of responsibility around battery disposal, we can significantly reduce the risk of waste fires and their associated costs.
The rising incidence of lithium-ion battery fires in the UK is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. From financial losses and environmental pollution to the safety of waste management workers and the general public, the consequences of these fires are far-reaching. Addressing this crisis requires a coordinated effort from all stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, waste management companies, battery manufacturers, and the public.
Investing in enhancing fire detection and suppression systems, and implementing robust public awareness campaigns are all critical steps toward minimizing the risk of battery fires.
AVD offers a variety of high-quality fire suppression products including AVD Fire Blankets, and AVD Fire Safety Kits.
As the use of lithium-ion batteries continues to grow, so must our commitment to safety and environmental responsibility. Only by taking proactive measures can we protect our communities, our environment, and our essential public services from the hidden dangers of battery fires.
If you would like to receive further information on AVD Lithex Fire Protection Solutions, please contact us.
